ハーバード法科大学院のウィルキンス教授が2月10日の日本の同窓会で話されたテーマは、つぎの論文の内容だった。
ウィルキンス教授らの主張は、弁護士は専門的技術者と賢いアドバイザーとしての役割の他に効果的なリーダーとしての役割があり、それに伴う4つの責務があるが、これを全うするにはコアとなる法律学の能力だけではダメで、補完的能力が必要だという。
ウィルキンス教授らの論文によれば、リーダーとしての弁護士が果たすべき責任とは、顧客と利害関係者に対する義務、法制度に対する義務、所属組織に対する義務およびより広い社会に対する義務であり、これらを果たすために必要とされる補完的能力とは、広い視野と知識と組織運営スキルだという。
ウィルキンス教らの主張の構造は次のようになる。
弁護士の3つの基本的役割：expert
technicians, wise counselors, and effective leaders à
弁護士の4つの責任：duties to
clients and stakeholders; duties to the legal system; duties to one’s own
institution; and duties to the broader society. à
補完的能力：broad vision, knowledge, and
organizational skills.
英語でまとめると：
A. Lawyers’ three fundamental roles: expert
technicians, wise counselors, and effective leaders à
B. Lawyers’ four responsibilities: duties
to clients and stakeholders; duties to the legal system; duties to one’s own
institution; and duties to the broader society.
C. “Complementary” [Cf. "core"
legal] competencies: broad vision, knowledge, and organizational skills for the
above roles and responsibilities.
原文は次の通り。
“It explicates lawyers’ three fundamental
roles as expert technicians, wise counselors, and effective leaders. It
describes the sources and broad definitions of lawyers’ four responsibilities:
duties to clients and stakeholders; duties to the legal system; duties to one’s
own institution; and duties to the broader society. To effectively discharge
these responsibilities, it argues that lawyers must not only have “core” legal
competencies but also “complementary” competencies[p.5] involving broad vision,
knowledge, and organizational skills that, while not unique to lawyers, are
essential to the counseling and leadership roles. This Part thus describes how
our framework goes beyond the limits of the bar’s formal ethical rules and
challenges lawyers as both professionals and as citizens.”[p.6]
Ben W. Heineman, Jr. William F. Lee & David B. Wilkins, “Lawyers as Professionals and
as Citizens: Key Roles and Responsibilities in the 21st Century” https://clp.law.harvard.edu/assets/Professionalism-Project-Essay_11.20.14.pdf.
